Mitos tentang luka lambung (“stomach ulcers”): Kelainan yang disebabkan oleh makan makanan pedas dan stress.
Faktanya: kebanyakan disebabkan oleh infeksi suatu jenis bakteri, Helicobacter pylori atau disebabkan oleh penggunaan obat-obatan anti nyeri /anti radang tertentu seperti aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen. Makanan pedas dan stress bukan penyebab utama, melainkan dapat memperburuk kondisi luka di lambung.
Mitos bahwa merokok mengurangi nyeri karena asam lambung (“heart burn”)
Faktanya: asap rokok dapat menyebabkan peradangan di kerongkongan, yang menambah nyeri karena asam lambung. Asap rokok juga menyebabkan katup pembatas antara kerongkongan dan lambung melonggar, yang menyebabkan naiknya asam lambung ke kerongkongan dan menyebabkan “heart burn”.
Mitos tentang obat cuci usus (“laxatives”): tidak berbahaya untuk mengatasi sembelit.
Faktanya: beberapa penelitian menunjukan penggunaan laxatives yang terlalu sering bisa melukai usus besar.
Mitos tentang liver cirrhosis (hati yang mengeras) hanya disebabkan oleh alkohol
Faktanya: alkohol hanya salah satu penyebabnya. Penyebab cirrhosis yang lain yang lebih umum di kalangan orang dewasa adalah hepatitis B, C, juga keracunan/kerusakan hati karena obat-obatan, bahan-bahan logam dari kontaminasi/pencemaran yang masuk ke tubuh, dan juga kerusakan hati sebagai komplikasi dari kegemukan dan diabetes.
Showing posts with label Digestive Conditions. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Digestive Conditions. Show all posts
Monday, August 16, 2010
Friday, June 11, 2010
Nyeri pasca Operasi Hernia Inguinal
Hernia di daerah selangkangan sebagian besar (sekitar 96%) adalah jenis hernia inguinal. Hernia jenis ini terjadi karena adanya bagian yang terbuka di daerah saluran yang dinamakan kanal inguinal di daerah selangkangan. Akibatnya organ dalam rongga perut, seperti usus, bisa turun ke daerah selangkangan melalui jaringan yang terbuka tersebut dan menimbulkan Hernia Inguinal.
Dalam operasi hernia yang menggunakan jaringan prostetik (yang dinamakan mesh) untuk menutup daerah saluran yang terbuka, dimaksudkan untuk mencegah turunnya organ dalam rongga perut ke saluran di daerah selangkangan tersebut dan mencegah timbulnya hernia lagi. Dengan teknik operasi ini, pasien umumnya sudah bisa kembali beraktivitas normal dalam kurun waktu 10 hari setelah operasi. Kemungkinan untuk hernia timbul kembali relative kecil, sekitar 3% atau kurang.
Akan tetapi, juga dilaporkan adanya beberapa kejadian dimana nyeri paska operasi berlangsung lebih lama. Bahkan 3-5% kasus dilaporkan ada pasien mengalami rasa nyeri yang permanen.
Nyeri paska operasi hernia inguinal dalam bahasa latinnya dinamakan Ingunodynia. Hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai macam hal, seperti berikut ini:
o Infeksi (catatan: biasanya disertai dengan demam)
o Peradangan sebagai reaksi dari keberadaan barang asing (contoh: jahitan, mesh, dll)di jaringan tubuh pasien (catatan: bisa ditandai dengan adanya kulit / jaringan yang berwarna kemerahan karena meradang dan/atau nampak membengkak)
o Hernia yang timbul kembali (catatan: biasanya nampak benjolan hernia kendati sebelumnya sudah dioperasi)
o Kerusakan persarafan sebagai akibat prosedur pembedahan hernia tersebut.
o Saraf terjepit oleh jaringan skar, jaringan prostetik (mesh) yang dipasang waktu pembedahan atau jahitan di daerah bekas pembedahan.
o Tumor saraf jinak yang dinamakan Neuroma yang tumbuh setelah operasi
o Pergeseran letak jaringan prostetik(mesh)yang di tempatkan untuk mencegah timbulnya hernia.
o Pengerutan jaringan yang terluka dari prosedur operasi
Catatan: beberapa ketidaknormalan yang tersebut di atas, mungkin tidak nampak dari luar; tapi bisa ditentukan berdasarkan pemeriksaan lebih lanjut oleh dokter dan/atau dengan pemeriksaan imaging.
Thursday, October 8, 2009
Small Bowel Obstructions
Small bowel obstruction, a mechanical bowel blockage arising from a structural abnormality, presents a physical barrier to the progression of gut contents. Patient of such a condition may then experience abdominal pain, bloating, and vomiting. Small-bowel obstructions can result from a variety of causes. Peritoneal adhesions are the most common cause of Small Bowel Obstruction (SBO) accounting for approximately 65% to 75% of cases. It is estimated that the risk of SBO is 1% to 10% after appendectomy, 6.4% after open cholecystectomy, and 10% to 25% after intestinal surgery. It is also estimated that 93% to 100% of patients who undergo transperitoneal surgery will develop postoperative adhesions. Most patients with adhesions do not experience any overt clinical symptoms. However, clinical symptoms may manifest when complication resulting from the adhesions are eventually developed.
Bowel obstruction may take many years to develop after abdominal/transperitoneal surgery. A clinical study reported that 21% of bowel obstructions caused by adhesions occur within the first month after surgery, 18% of bowel obstructions caused by postoperative adhesions occur between 1 month and 1 year after surgery, 21% occur between 1 and 5 years and 28% occur after 5 years.
About peritoneal adhesions, they are scar tissues forming abnormal attachments between organs or tissues or both in the abdominal cavity that are normally separated. Most are acquired as a result of peritoneal injury, the most common cause of which is abdomino-pelvic surgery.4 Less commonly, adhesions may form as the result of inflammatory conditions, intraperitoneal infection or abdominal trauma. The extent of adhesion formation varies but is most dependent on the type and magnitude of surgery performed, as well as whether any postoperative complications develop.
Bowel obstruction may take many years to develop after abdominal/transperitoneal surgery. A clinical study reported that 21% of bowel obstructions caused by adhesions occur within the first month after surgery, 18% of bowel obstructions caused by postoperative adhesions occur between 1 month and 1 year after surgery, 21% occur between 1 and 5 years and 28% occur after 5 years.
About peritoneal adhesions, they are scar tissues forming abnormal attachments between organs or tissues or both in the abdominal cavity that are normally separated. Most are acquired as a result of peritoneal injury, the most common cause of which is abdomino-pelvic surgery.4 Less commonly, adhesions may form as the result of inflammatory conditions, intraperitoneal infection or abdominal trauma. The extent of adhesion formation varies but is most dependent on the type and magnitude of surgery performed, as well as whether any postoperative complications develop.
Wednesday, August 5, 2009
Piles
Haemorrhoids (often known as Piles) are enlarged and engorged blood vessels in or around the back passage (anus). You may notice a pain, itch, or ache around the anus and lower bowel (rectum), which can be really quite severe. There may be bleeding from the back passage. This will be bright red blood, not usually mixed in with the motion, but often seen on the toilet paper. There is often a feeling of something coming down, or a bulge or lump at the anus. If a haemorrhoid at the outside of the anus gets a blood clot in it (thrombosed external pile) it leads to a particularly tender, hardish lump.
Haemorrhoids are very common, especially in countries where the diet has traditionally been more processed and low in fibre. The main contributory causes are those things that cause us to raise the pressure in the abdomen, such as those chronically straining with constipation, overweight people, and people with heavy lifting jobs. This causes the blood vessels to swell and become engorged.
As implied above, useful aspects of prevention are:
* Avoid becoming overweight, and lose weight if you are.
* Eat a high fibre diet
* Exercise regularly
It is usually best, with haemorrhoids, to get by with the least treatment possible, as even after the most extensive treatments they may still return. Many times they will settle down over a matter of days without any treatment. But the majority of patients with mild haemorrhoidal symptoms would be more appropriately treated by fibre supplements, life-style changes and possibly apply cream or suppositories, bullet-shaped tablets to be inserted into the anus, may be bought over the counter. These soothe itching and pain, and cause swelling and bleeding to diminish. Cold compresses, even ice can be helpful. If you do not get better with these approaches, then you should see your doctor.
Haemorrhoids are very common, especially in countries where the diet has traditionally been more processed and low in fibre. The main contributory causes are those things that cause us to raise the pressure in the abdomen, such as those chronically straining with constipation, overweight people, and people with heavy lifting jobs. This causes the blood vessels to swell and become engorged.
As implied above, useful aspects of prevention are:
* Avoid becoming overweight, and lose weight if you are.
* Eat a high fibre diet
* Exercise regularly
It is usually best, with haemorrhoids, to get by with the least treatment possible, as even after the most extensive treatments they may still return. Many times they will settle down over a matter of days without any treatment. But the majority of patients with mild haemorrhoidal symptoms would be more appropriately treated by fibre supplements, life-style changes and possibly apply cream or suppositories, bullet-shaped tablets to be inserted into the anus, may be bought over the counter. These soothe itching and pain, and cause swelling and bleeding to diminish. Cold compresses, even ice can be helpful. If you do not get better with these approaches, then you should see your doctor.
Saturday, August 1, 2009
Gallbladder Sludge
Gallbladder sludge is a mixture of particulate matter and bile that occurs when solutes in bile precipitate. The formation of gallbladder sludge is due to an imbalance between bile salts and cholesterol, then the bile fluid turns to sludge. This thickened fluid consists of a mucus gel containing cholesterol and calcium bilirubinate. If the imbalance worsens, cholesterol crystals can eventually form gallstones.
It is generally a slow process, and usually causes no pain or other symptoms. The clinical course of biliary sludge varies. It can develop complications like abdominal pain, inflammation of biliary tract (i.e. cholecystitis), and formation of gallstone. However, in about 50% of cases, gallbladder sludge spontaneously disappears and in 20% of cases persists but no symptom over a 3-year period.
It is generally a slow process, and usually causes no pain or other symptoms. The clinical course of biliary sludge varies. It can develop complications like abdominal pain, inflammation of biliary tract (i.e. cholecystitis), and formation of gallstone. However, in about 50% of cases, gallbladder sludge spontaneously disappears and in 20% of cases persists but no symptom over a 3-year period.
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