Leukoencephalopathy (brain white matter changes)

Leukoencephalopathy (brain white matter changes) is caused by the reactivation of a common virus in the central nervous system of individuals with lowered immune defenses, such as individuals with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS); people undergoing chronic corticosteroid or immunosuppressive therapy; and individuals with cancer. This disorder may be associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 that can also develop cancer. Other clinical studies eported that leucoencephalopathy can also be due to gene mutation.
The symptoms of leucoenecephalopathy are the result of loss of white matter (which is made up of myelin, a substance the surrounds and protects nerve fibers) in multiple areas of the brain. Without the protection of myelin, nerve signals can’t travel successfully from the brain to the rest of the body. The most prominent symptoms are clumsiness; progressive weakness; and visual, speech, and sometimes, personality changes. In general, the progression of deficits leads to life-threatening disability and death over weeks to months, although some survive till adult age left with severe neurological disabilities. People with this disorder are particularly vulnerable to stresses such as infection, mild head trauma or other injury, or even extreme fright. These stresses may trigger the first symptoms of the condition or worsen existing symptoms, and can cause affected individuals to become lethargic or comatose.